トレースとデバッグ

4D v16

トレースとデバッグ

ビデオ中で説明した操作に加え、以下の点に留意してください:

4Dはインタープリターおよびコンパイル済みデータベースを実行できます。

いずれの場合にもコンパイラーを使用してシンタックスチェックをおこなうことを推奨します。

注: トレースはインタープリターデータベースでのみ可能です。コンパイルされたデータベースではソースコードにアクセスすることができません。デベロッパーとして登録されている (デザインモードへのアクセス権を持った) ユーザーだけがトレースを行えます。

さらにデバッガーを使用すれば以下のことが可能です:

実行中のフィールドや変数のデータを書き換える
一時的なブレークポイントを設定する
コードを実行する (警告: これにはリスクがあります)
テーブル番号やフィールド番号を表示する
表示されているすべての式を取り除く
デバッガー中の各エリアに表示される内容を選択する
など

上にあげたほとんどの操作はコンテキストメニューから実行できます。

コード中でTRACEコマンドを使用した場合、トレースを終了するためにNO TRACEコマンドを使用できます。

デバッグを開始する場所を指定するために、メソッドエディターの行番号エリアをクリックしてブレークポイント (赤丸) を置くこともできます。

ブレークポイントに条件を付けることができます (ブレークする行でALT-クリックします)。条件はフォーミュラで記述します。

ブレークポイントを一時的に無効にすることもできます。

ブレークポイントを設定したメソッドを開かずに、ランタイムエクスプローラーからブレークポイントを取り除くこともできます。

Video script

In this video, we're going to learn how to display and work with the debugger.

You use the debugger to trace and check whether our programming meets functional expectations.

It lets you check:

the status of the memory
the value of the variables
the current records and selections of each table
and the code by running it while tracing.

We're going to reuse the form with the variables to explore the debugger.

We'll add a break point (we'll come back to this later) and display the form.

When we use buttons that are not within the trace mode, execution takes place normally.

If we click on a button that is within the trace mode, the debugger appears.

We can define 5 areas in the Explorer:

1°) The source code pane: this shows the method being executed. Here we can:

place and remove break points
drag the yellow cursor indicating the next row to execute up or down (so it is possible to go back to the code that was already executed)
move the mouse over a field or variable to display its contents
click on an object and move it within the Expression area

2°) The 2nd area concerning navigation buttons, and we'll cover it more thoroughly later on. A help tip explains what each button does.

3°) The Custom watch pane area here

4°) The watch pane contains all the expressions available in 4D (tables, field, constants, variables, processes, and so on)

5°) The call chain pane represents the chain of methods that let us get to the program displayed.

We're going to stop the method execution.

There are 5 ways to display the debugger deliberately:
1°) By inserting the TRACE command in a method. Whenever the TRACE command is found, the debugger is displayed automatically.

2°) By placing a break point: that's what we did on this button here.

3°) While using the program (during execution), you can use the following shortcuts:

"Alt + Shift + right click" on Windows
or "Command + Alt + Ctrl + click" on Mac

The list of processes appears.
For the moment, we are tracing in the main process; later on, in the case of multi-process operation, you can choose which process to trace.
So we chose the main process and if we click on "Declarations", automatically the trace mode appears and we can see the contents of the POP1 variable.
We can enlarge the window of the trace mode.
We can memorize the position and the variables stored there and even change the values there directly. So if we want to change the value of v1, we can put 300 and here another version of the 3rd phrase.
Obviously, if we retrace the main process and we assign values to the array, when we go by here again, on the 3rd row we'll now have the value that was set here.
As said before, it is possible to move the cursor back up in order to execute the rows again.

4°) In the Design environment, when you execute a method, you can click on the execution button and choose "Run and Debug", within the application process or in a new process. In this case, the trace mode appears automatically so that we can debug the method.

5°) And finally, one last way to show an equivalent to the trace mode is to use the Runtime Explorer by pressing "Ctrl+Shift+F9". The Runtime Explorer (which is only available to developers and other authorized users) lets you display the list of processes, for instance the main process, and then trace it.
From here, when we click on a button that executes code, we'll see the trace mode appear with the line of code that is about to be run.

So there are 5 ways in all to display the trace mode.

The most frequent of these are:

break points
and keyboard shortcuts.

The debugger also appears, usually unintentionally, when 4D cannot run your code (such as with syntax errors, typing errors, and so on). It displays a message so that you can switch to tracing.

Let's take an example in the navigation method: if we remove the = here and save, 4D displays an error and offers to trace the code in order to show us the problem.